MacOS
Useful tools
I use a MacOS (Intel) on the side, so some tools that may be useful. Avoid exposing the system Python if possible, and use pyenv instead.
# Install brew # Refer to the official docs, typing here only for my convenience user:~$ /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)" user:~$ brew update user:~$ brew install pyenv user:~$ brew install openssl readline sqlite3 xz zlib tcl-tk bind # for dig # MacOS from Catalina and up uses zsh instead of bash # so write the pyenv injections into .zshrc and .zprofile instead user:~$ echo $SHELL zsh user:~$ echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.zshrc user:~$ echo '[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc\ user:~$ echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc user:~$ cp ~/.zshrc ~/.zprofile
Difficult to find software that can read temperatures:
sudo powermetrics --samplers smc: No smc sampler available- Can read out thermal percentage from some xdg thing, but no clear documentation on what this feature is
- Intel PCM is the successor to some Intel monitoring software, but there is a need to sign the kext with an Apple Developer ID. Troublesome...
- osx-cpu-temp does seem to work. Run
make./osx-cpu-temp -creads CPU temp./osx-cpu-temp -areads ambient temp
For ffmpeg installation, pull the static build for MacOS from FFMPEG website, then copy to /usr/local/bin. Problem is MacOS has some extended permissions model, so need to (1) allow from "Privacy & Security" settings after running and being blocked once, (2) run it again and select allow on two additional pop-ups. Repeat for ffprobe and ffplay.
Other software:
- On-screen keystroke viewer:
Keycastrworks fantastic,brew install --cask keycastr - OBS Studio: Just follow the instructions to give accessibility permissions.
Mounting volumes
Exceptionally great guide on using automount utility to mount drives on boot, here. This is immensely useful is conveying stability of network share to Mac users who just want it to work.
> cat /etc/auto_master
+auto_master
...
/- auto_smb -nosuid,noowners
/- auto_afp -nobrowse,nosuid
> cat /etc/auto_smb
/System/Volumes/Data/mount/{{MOUNT_DIR}} -fstype=smbfs,soft,noowners,nosuid,rw ://{{USERNAME}}:{{PASSWORD}}@{{IP_ADDRESS}}:/{{MOUNT_PATH}}
# Set read-only (MacOS extended attributes for 'auto_master' to prevent overwrite)
> sudo chmod 600 /etc/auto_smb
> sudo chflags schg /etc/auto_master
> sudo automount -cv
Think there is a non-command line method, but figured would be good to know the fundamentals.
Creating an ISO from the App image
Most of the content came from here. First download the MacOS installers from the App Store, links here.
# Create a filesystem (or is it disk image?), then attach and mount it user:~$ hdiutil create -o /tmp/Ventura -size 16384m -volname Ventura -layout SPUD -fs HFS+J user:~$ hdiutil attach /tmp/Ventura.dmg -noverify -mountpoint /Volumes/Ventura # Run script to write disk image contents to mount user:~$ sudo /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Ventura.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia --volume /Volumes/Ventura --nointeraction user:~$ hdiutil eject -force /Volumes/Install\ macOS\ Ventura # Convert DMG to ISO user:~$ hdiutil convert /tmp/Ventura.dmg -format UDTO -o ~/Desktop/Ventura user:~$ mv ~/Desktop/Ventura.cdr ~/Desktop/Ventura.iso user:~$ rm -f /tmp/Ventura.dmg
https://klabsdev.com/definitive-guide-to-running-macos-in-proxmox
Running different OS on Apple devices
Changelog
- 2024-06-19: Init for Mac Mini (Intel, 2018)
Boot the computer. When the startup sound is heard, press and hold Alt to open up the Startup Disk menu. Typically will have the main MacOS partition, as well as a "GRUB" MacOS recovery partition. The last one is probably the external boot you want.
Booting likely cannot be performed if the BIOS explicitly disables this, which is likely the default for Apple devices. In this case, first press and hold Cmd-R (Win-R) and then under the Utilities submenu open the "Startup Security Utility". The BIOS is locked with the admin user credentials of the MacOS.
- Set Secure Boot to "No Security", which does not enforce any restrictions on the OS that can be loaded (the other two options allow only OS signed by Apple to be loaded, and one even has a network verification).
- Set Allowed Boot Media to "Allow booting from external or removable media".
Network IP addresses
Ideally grep can do regex, but this flavor doesn't seem to support. In any case the ideal query string:
macos ~ % ifconfig | grep -P "(inet |mtu)" lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280 stf0: flags=0<> mtu 1280 anpi1: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 anpi0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 en3: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 en4: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 en1: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 en2: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 bridge0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ap1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.13 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 awdl0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 llw0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 utun0: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 2000 utun1: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1000 utun2: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1380 utun3: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1380 utun4: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1380 utun5: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1380 utun6: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1380 utun7: flags=8051<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1350 inet 100.64.100.6 --> 100.64.100.5 netmask 0xffffffff
Routing table:
macos ~ % netstat -rn Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire default 192.168.1.1 UGScg en0 127 127.0.0.1 UCS lo0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH lo0 169.254 link#11 UCS en0 ! 192.168.1 link#11 UCS en0 ! 192.168.1.1/32 link#11 UCS en0 ! 192.168.1.1 4:42:1a:60:cb:f8 UHLWIir en0 1140 192.168.1.22 90:9:d0:2c:bd:c8 UHLWIi en0 633 192.168.1.88 c6:ce:14:f2:a6:f7 UHLWI en0 101 192.168.1.143/32 link#11 UCS en0 ! 192.168.1.207 be:29:aa:6b:34:d1 UHLWI en0 44 192.168.1.250 10:27:f5:21:cf:36 UHLWI en0 358 192.168.1.255 ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff UHLWbI en0 ! 224.0.0/4 link#11 UmCS en0 ! 224.0.0.251 1:0:5e:0:0:fb UHmLWI en0 255.255.255.255/32 link#11 UCS en0 ! Internet6: Destination Gateway Flags Netif Expire default fe80::%utun0 UGcIg utun0 default fe80::%utun1 UGcIg utun1 default fe80::%utun2 UGcIg utun2 default fe80::%utun3 UGcIg utun3 default fe80::%utun4 UGcIg utun4 default fe80::%utun5 UGcIg utun5 default fe80::%utun6 UGcIg utun6 default fe80::%utun8 UGcIg utun8 default fe80::%utun9 UGcIg utun9
When DNS is a problem, replace the DNS servers with (courtesy of this website):
macos ~ % sudo networksetup -listallnetworkservices macos ~ % sudo networksetup -setdnsservers Wi-Fi 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8 macos ~ % networksetup -getdnsservers Wi-Fi